The Indian hardware industry is grappling with intense competition from international brands, particularly from Turkey, China, and Europe. These global players leverage superior quality, advanced technologies, and competitive pricing to gain an edge, presenting significant challenges to Indian manufacturers. As international brands harness advanced manufacturing techniques and economies of scale, Indian companies must navigate the dual challenges of controlling costs while meeting rigorous quality standards. The disparity in market size, with China’s hardware market projected to reach USD 525 billion in 2024 compared to India’s USD 160.90 billion, further intensifies the competitive pressures.
To address these challenges, Indian brands are working to enhance their production capabilities, innovate, and improve after-sales services. Government initiatives like ‘Make in India’ aim to bolster domestic competitiveness, but issues such as hardware compatibility, performance criteria awareness, and adherence to testing standards persist. This exploration delves into these challenges, the impact of regulatory changes like BIS certification, and the evolving shift from uPVC to aluminium systems, highlighting future innovations poised to shape the industry.
The competitive landscape
The Indian hardware industry faces formidable competition from Turkish, Chinese, and European brands, which often outperform local players in terms of quality, pricing, and technology. Navi Ahuja, Director of Ssavyug Ventures World Pvt Ltd, highlights that many Indian brands struggle to match the quality standards set by international competitors. To compete effectively, Indian manufacturers must control costs and ensure rigorous quality benchmarks.
T. Chandra Sekhar, Technical Director at Aparna Enterprises Ltd (AEL), emphasises that the Indian market is challenged by the advanced manufacturing technologies and economies of scale enjoyed by international brands, particularly those from Turkey, China, and Europe. In 2024, China’s hardware and building materials market is expected to generate approximately USD 525 billion, while India’s market is projected to be around USD 160.90 billion. This stark difference in market size underscores the competitive advantage of these international brands. Indian manufacturers face the challenge of not only controlling costs but also achieving high-quality standards to remain competitive.
One significant hurdle is the lack of protective duties, which allows international brands to enter the Indian market at lower prices. Additionally, many Indian brands are still in the process of acquiring international certifications, putting them at a disadvantage against established global players. Sekhar suggests that mandating BIS certification for international brands entering the Indian market could help ensure that only products meeting stringent quality standards are allowed.
Despite these challenges, Indian brands are making strides in enhancing their production capabilities, focusing on innovation, and improving after-sales services. Government initiatives like ‘Make in India’ are aiding in improving competitiveness. The Indian market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.64% from 2024 to 2028. Indian companies are increasingly adopting advanced technologies such as automation and digitalisation to enhance efficiency and product quality, which is crucial for competing with international brands.
Hemant Kathuria, Managing Director of Taiton Overseas LLP, notes that Indian manufacturers need to invest in machinery, automation, and skilled manpower to stay competitive. He points out that long-term investments in production facilities and technical education in Turkey, China, and Europe have given these brands a manufacturing advantage.
Pranay Dhanuka, in Business Development, Dhanuka Fittings, acknowledges the fierce competition from Turkish, Chinese, and European brands. He observes that while Turkish and Chinese brands compete primarily on price, European brands excel in quality and technology. Indian brands must balance competitive pricing with maintaining high standards to stay relevant.
Manish Bansal, Director & CEO of Window Magic, emphasises that while price competitiveness is important, the focus should be on delivering superior quality, innovation, and after-sales service. Understanding local market needs can help Indian brands better position themselves against international competition.
Rakesh Pant, Deputy GM at KinLong Hardware India Private Limited, adds that while Indian brands may lag in durability and aesthetics compared to foreign brands, they benefit from price sensitivity and shorter lead times in the Indian market. The price-to-quality ratio remains critical for consumers.
Indian hardware brands face significant challenges but can enhance their competitiveness and secure a stronger foothold by focusing on quality, innovation, and strategic investments.
Supplying the right hardware for different profiles: Challenges faced by brands
Ahuja highlights the challenges of providing solutions for different profiles and sections, emphasising the need for Euro Groove profiles to ensure compatibility with high-quality hardware. The diversity in profile systems, often with non-standard grooves, complicates finding compatible hardware. Despite these challenges, his team manages to meet the required standards for proper hardware integration.
Sekhar discusses the complexities involved in supplying the right hardware for various applications. Different profile sections require specific hardware solutions, necessitating a deep understanding of application requirements. Challenges include maintaining a wide product range, ensuring consistent quality control, and managing logistics. Precise hardware solutions are needed for doors, windows, and structural components, each with unique specifications and performance criteria. Collaboration with architects, fabricators, and system designers is crucial. Sekhar emphasises that brands are investing in research and development to create innovative and customied products while improving supply chain management and leveraging advanced manufacturing technologies to maintain high standards.
Kathuria likens the hardware industry to the fashion industry, where trends change frequently. The current trend involves system aluminium and slim aluminium profiles for sliding and swing doors, with each brand developing unique sections. Providing compatible hardware that ensures flawless functionality and matches the finish of these sections is critical. The main challenge lies in matching finishes, as profiles are often made of anodized aluminium while the hardware is typically stainless steel or aluminium. Bansal stresses the importance of matching the right hardware to specific profiles for optimal performance. While progress has been made in the industry, challenges with standardisation and availability persist. Bansal highlights the need for close collaboration with hardware manufacturers to develop tailored solutions. Pant notes that while hardware companies can manage supply based on demand for different profiles and sections, issues can arise with customised profiles due to limited options in bearing and operating parts. Success in supply largely depends on market demand analysis for specific profiles and sections. Dhanuka discusses the challenges of ensuring compatibility with diverse window profiles, maintaining consistent quality across different hardware types, and adapting to evolving technological and design requirements. Effective inventory management and accurate customisation are essential to meet specific application needs.
Awareness of hardware performance criteria
Ahuja observes that awareness of performance criteria for hardware has significantly improved among top aluminium fabricators, architects, and promoters. They are increasingly interested in new products and systems that provide a competitive edge. Social media, exhibitions, and product launches by hardware MNCs have made it easier to introduce new solutions.
Sekhar notes a growing awareness of hardware performance criteria among architects, fabricators, and procurement experts, though it varies across the industry. Leading hardware brands and industry associations are actively working to educate stakeholders through seminars, workshops, and certification programs. These efforts focus on essential performance aspects such as durability, load-bearing capacity, corrosion resistance, and operational efficiency. Despite this, there is often a lack of in-depth knowledge of advanced standards and testing protocols. Continuous education and training, along with industry-wide collaborations, are crucial to bridging this knowledge gap. Improving awareness and understanding of performance criteria will lead to better decision-making, enhanced product quality, and increased reliability in hardware applications, ultimately benefiting the entire construction and real estate sector.
Kathuria emphasises the importance of keeping architects, fabricators, builders, and developers updated on the latest innovations in the hardware industry. Established brands have specialised teams that regularly meet with clients to inform them about new developments. Exhibitions play a crucial role in showcasing innovations and educating large audiences quickly. However, Kathuria believes more work is needed to raise awareness about specifications, standards, and product performance.
Bansal agrees that awareness among architects and developers is growing but acknowledges that more needs to be done. Educating the market about the long-term benefits of quality hardware is essential. Collaboration between industry bodies and manufacturers is crucial for knowledge-sharing initiatives.
Pant adds that while there is a foundational awareness of performance criteria, the depth of knowledge varies. Continuous upgrades, adherence to standards, and collaboration are essential to maintaining and improving this awareness. The level of understanding often depends on professionals’ experience and educational background. Dhanuka notes that awareness of performance criteria varies among individuals. Some professionals are well-informed about quality and performance standards, while others require further education. Enhancing awareness is key to better decision-making and improved project outcomes.
Hardware durability and testing standards in India
Ahuja explains that hardware durability is primarily assessed through cycle tests, such as rollers passing up to 200,000 cycles. These tests are conducted by third-party companies. While major promoters and architects adhere to these standards, many others do not consistently follow or request them. There is a push to standardise these practices more rigorously in India.
Sekhar notes that hardware durability and testing standards in India are increasingly aligning with international benchmarks. Manufacturers follow rigorous testing protocols that include assessments for corrosion resistance, load-bearing capacity, operational life cycles, and environmental stress tests. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) defines quality parameters for hardware products, covering aspects such as material composition, manufacturing processes, and performance characteristics. Compliance with BIS standards ensures product reliability and durability. Many manufacturers also adopt international standards like ISO and ASTM to enhance quality further. Improvements in testing infrastructure and industry compliance are raising the quality of Indian hardware to meet or exceed global standards.
Kathuria points out that while established brands strive to adhere to international standards, many unorganised players do not follow any standards. The large and growing market often leads to hardware being supplied and procured without proper certifications or test standards. Kathuria advocates for implementing strict test standards to ensure uniformity in the quality, design, and compatibility of hardware products.
Bansal acknowledges progress in hardware testing standards in India but believes there is still a need for more stringent regulations. Adherence to international standards and independent testing can enhance consumer confidence. Regular updates to testing protocols are essential to keep pace with technological advancements.
Dhanuka describes the standards followed for hardware used in aluminium windows and doors, such as JG/T 124 and QB/T 388. These standards specify tests for durability, load capacity, and smooth operation under various conditions. His company conducts tests to ensure hardware longevity and reliability.
In India, hardware durability and test standards are essential to ensure the safety, reliability and longevity of building components.
Key factors affecting hardware durability
Material quality: Durability is largely influenced by the quality of materials used in hardware. Common materials include stainless steel, brass, aluminium, and other corrosion-resistant alloys.
Environmental resistance: Hardware must withstand environmental factors such as humidity, temperature variations and exposure to pollutants.
Mechanical performance: Durability is also determined by the hardware’s ability to endure mechanical stresses including load-bearing capacity, impact resistance and wear resistance.
Corrosion resistance: Corrosion is a significant concern, particularly in coastal areas. Hardware should be tested for resistance to rust and other forms of corrosion.
Standards for tests Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
- IS 3564: Specification for Door Closers (Hydraulically Regulated)
- IS 4992: Specification for Door Handles
- IS 7981: Specification for Locking Bolts and Flush Bolts
- IS 1239: Specification for Mild Steel Tubes, Tubulars, and Other Wrought Steel Fittings (Rakesh Pant, Deputy GM – Haryana & Eastern UP, KinLong Hardware India Private Limited)
Hardware compatibility in system design
Ahuja explains that hardware compatibility in uPVC systems involves two major points: 9 Axis and 13 Axis. Most uPVC extruders follow these patterns, which helps standardise hardware compatibility. For aluminium systems, compatibility is more complex. Factors to consider include whether the hardware is used for sliding or casement applications and ensuring the groove sizes match those used by European hardware companies. This alignment is crucial for seamless integration.
Sekhar emphasises that hardware compatibility is essential for the effective performance of building components. It requires precise engineering, component standardisation, and rigorous testing to ensure hardware works well with various profiles and sections. This involves detailed planning and close collaboration between hardware manufacturers, system designers, and end-users. For instance, the compatibility of hinges, locks, and handles with window and door profiles is crucial for smooth operation and security. Manufacturers need to standardise component dimensions and performance characteristics and conduct thorough compatibility tests to reduce installation issues, enhance reliability, and minimise maintenance costs. Ensuring high standards of compatibility and performance is key to maintaining market competitiveness and meeting consumer demands.
Kathuria reflects on his early experiences with hardware, noting how the Euro Profile cylinder could fit any Mortise Lock body globally, showcasing remarkable standardisation and compatibility. However, he observes that many modern companies are creating unique system designs that only work with their specific hardware, limiting the client’s choices and increasing reliance on a single supplier. Kathuria advocates for designing systems and hardware to be universally compatible to optimise resources, reduce inventory, lower production costs, and simplify local replacements without lead times.
Bansal highlights that hardware compatibility is crucial for durability and performance. He stresses the importance of close collaboration between window and door manufacturers and hardware suppliers. Standardised interfaces and design guidelines can streamline the process and ensure optimal results.
Pant notes that system designs are typically based on aesthetics, comfort, and energy efficiency, with additional factors like waterproofing, soundproofing, ventilation, visibility, and structural safety. Hardware compatibility is vital for ensuring that the system is technically sound and meets its intended purpose.
Dhanuka emphasizes that in system design, hardware compatibility is crucial for seamless integration and performance. Key considerations include aligning hardware dimensions, load capacities, and operational functions with window profiles to ensure smooth operation, durability, and safety while avoiding issues like misalignment or premature wear.
Impact of BIS certification on hardware imports and supply chain
Ahuja notes that the mandatory BIS certification will have a notable impact on the Indian market, particularly affecting pricing. For instance, the price of glass has already risen by ₹16 per sq. ft., creating issues for fabricators who have committed to projects at earlier prices. Such price hikes can result in financial losses for fabricators if the cost of materials like glass or hardware increases significantly after project awards. On a positive note, BIS certification is expected to improve Indian standards, encouraging the use of Indian standards and giving domestic manufacturers a competitive edge by ensuring higher quality.
Sekhar explains that while BIS certification for building materials is not yet mandatory for all segments, its implementation will significantly impact the import of hardware and raw materials by enforcing higher quality standards and safety for consumers. This could lead to increased compliance costs and potential delays in the supply chain as manufacturers adapt to new regulatory requirements, including additional testing and certification.
Although these changes may initially slow down imports and increase costs, the long-term benefits include improved hardware quality, greater consumer confidence, and enhanced market competitiveness. Indian hardware companies should advocate for BIS certification in the uPVC segment to strengthen the domestic supply chain and promote local manufacturing.
Kathuria highlights that the mandatory BIS certification could significantly affect imports. Indian manufacturers might struggle to meet the requirements and volume needed to satisfy Indian consumers, leading to potential price increases and shortages.
The challenges could include higher hardware prices, reduced availability of imported hardware, and frequent breakdowns of locally manufactured hardware due to compromised quality standards. Supporting Indian manufacturers in producing competitive and fairly priced products will be crucial to mitigating these issues.
Bansal views BIS certification as a positive step towards ensuring product quality. However, it might lead to short-term challenges such as adjustments in the supply chain and increased costs. Despite these initial hurdles, the long-term benefits include enhanced consumer trust and market credibility.
Pant emphasises that without BIS certification, customs clearance for imported hardware is likely to be delayed or denied. Customs officials will verify the BIS certification to ensure compliance with Indian safety and quality standards, potentially leading to significant disruptions and additional costs for importers.
Customs officials verify the BIS certification of imported goods to ensure they comply with Indian safety and quality standards.
- Quality Assurance
- Compliance Burden
- Market Dynamics
- Impact on Small Enterprises
- Progress of small as well as big projects.
Dhanuka sees BIS certification as an opportunity rather than a challenge. Although it will increase compliance requirements and potentially affect supply chain timelines and costs for imports, his company, which manufactures hardware domestically, views this as a chance to highlight the quality and compliance of locally produced products. As import options become more regulated, domestically produced hardware could become more attractive to buyers.
The shift from uPVC to aluminium systems
Sekhar attributes the decline in uPVC usage to various quality concerns, including installation, application problems, and hardware reinforcement. Aluminium systems are favoured for their robustness, superior performance, and aesthetic appeal, particularly in high-rise buildings where they can better withstand heavy wind loads. For uPVC to regain its competitive edge, manufacturers need to enhance product quality, improve installation techniques, and ensure compatibility with high-quality hardware. Investments in advanced manufacturing technologies and stringent quality control measures are essential. Additionally, comprehensive training for installers and fabricators can help address installation issues. Despite these challenges, uPVC remains a viable option for many applications, particularly for taller structures. With continuous improvement and innovation, uPVC systems can still compete with aluminium systems and meet diverse market needs.
Kathuria points out that the decline in the uPVC sector is a reflection of the intense competition in the Indian market, where compromises in product quality, workmanship, and service have become common in the race to secure orders. The shift towards aluminium systems has been driven by their perceived strength and durability compared to uPVC, which is often seen as less robust due to its plastic nature. However, there is a need for better education regarding the thermal break feature of aluminium systems, especially given the significant weather variations in India.
Bansal highlights that the shift towards aluminium systems is driven by their durability, aesthetics, and energy efficiency. While uPVC has its applications, aluminium systems offer superior overall performance and lifespan. Addressing quality concerns through stringent quality control measures is crucial for the industry to ensure that uPVC can compete effectively.
Pant notes that uPVC windows are durable, resistant to rot, corrosion, and termites, and can withstand harsh weather conditions. However, they may fade over time. Aluminium windows, on the other hand, are lightweight, strong, and highly resistant to corrosion and extreme weather. Standardised hardware is available for uPVC profiles, but modifications can lead to compatibility issues and higher costs. In contrast, aluminium profiles can be customised more cost-effectively to meet design requirements.
Dhanuka sees the shift away from uPVC systems as a validation of the commitment to aluminium systems. Aluminium systems are gaining market share due to their superior strength, durability, and design flexibility, offering enhanced performance and longevity.
Architectural hardware – Innovations and future directions
Ahuja anticipates significant advancements in architectural hardware, focusing on automation and integration with smart technologies. Key innovations include chain actuators equipped with rain and wind sensors, which would enhance the functionality and adaptability of windows and doors. Automation in sliding and casement systems is also a priority, alongside the increasing demand for concealed hinges that offer a cleaner, more streamlined aesthetic.
Sekhar envisions a transformative decade for architectural hardware, driven by technological advancements and evolving consumer expectations. The integration of smart hardware with building automation systems will be pivotal, enhancing security, convenience, and energy efficiency. Innovations such as smart locks, sensors, and automated window and door systems will become more prevalent, offering users greater control and monitoring capabilities. Additionally, the development of new materials that combine durability, sustainability, and aesthetic appeal will be crucial. Technologies like 3D printing will enable the production of customised and intricate hardware solutions. Eco-friendly materials and coatings will align with the global push for sustainability, reducing the environmental impact of hardware production. These advancements are expected to address modern architectural needs and drive growth in the hardware market.
Kathuria expresses a desire for the development of large-scale, automatic manufacturing facilities in India that can serve both domestic and global markets. He also highlights the need for installer-friendly hardware. In Europe, the cost of hardware installation can be significantly higher than the cost of the hardware itself, partly due to specialised training and licensing requirements. Kathuria suggests that India should adopt hardware designs that are easier to install without requiring extensive training or licensing. He anticipates an increase in automation and app-based products in the future and is excited about the potential developments in this area.
Bansal envisions hardware that seamlessly integrates with smart home technology, incorporating features like biometric access, automated locking, and remote control. He also sees potential for self-repairing or self-diagnosing hardware components, which could enhance product lifespan and reduce maintenance needs.
Pant outlines several key innovations he would like to see in the next decade:
- Smart Integration: Architectural hardware that integrates seamlessly with smart home systems, allowing for remote monitoring, control, and automation of doors, windows, and security features.
- Energy Efficiency: Hardware designed to improve energy efficiency, such as advanced insulation materials, smart windows that adjust transparency based on sunlight, and energy-efficient door locks and handles.
- Sustainable Materials: Increased use of sustainable and eco-friendly materials in hardware production, including recycled metals, bio-based composites, and materials with a low environmental impact.
- Adaptive Design: Hardware that adapts to changing environmental conditions, such as weather-responsive building envelopes or windows that optimise natural ventilation and lighting.
- Advanced Security Features: Enhanced security hardware incorporating biometric authentication, advanced encryption, and real-time monitoring capabilities.
- Modular & Customisable Solutions: Modular hardware systems that offer design flexibility and can be easily customised and reconfigured as needed.
- Health and Well-being: Hardware designed to contribute to occupant health and well-being, including antimicrobial coatings, touchless controls, and ergonomic designs.
- Augmented Reality (AR) Integration: AR-enabled hardware for easier installation, maintenance, and repair, providing real-time guidance and diagnostics.
- Durability and Longevity: Hardware designed for durability and longevity, reducing the need for frequent replacements and minimizing waste.
Dhanuka also emphasises the importance of smart hardware and its integration with the Internet of Things (IoT ). Other anticipated innovations include energy-efficient windows that reduce electricity consumption, enhanced security features with advanced locking mechanisms, improved corrosion and wear resistance for durability, and modular designs that offer flexibility in applications.
Conclusion
The Indian hardware industry is navigating a complex landscape marked by intense competition, evolving market demands, and technological advancements. Indian brands are working diligently to enhance their production capabilities, innovate, and improve after-sales services to stay competitive against international players. The shift from uPVC to aluminium systems, increasing awareness of hardware performance criteria, and advancements in durability and testing standards are shaping the industry’s future.
As the industry continues to evolve, the integration of smart technologies, sustainable materials, and advanced manufacturing techniques will play a crucial role in driving growth and innovation. By addressing current challenges and embracing future opportunities, the Indian hardware industry can strengthen its position in the global market and meet the evolving needs of consumers.
