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Ventilated façade system is a robust, multi-layer system with a ventilated air gap in-between layers. The layers consist of, the cladding of the external wall, and rear insulation material. The layers, when assembled together, leave an air gap. The function of this air gap gives the pivotal benefit to this façade system, in terms of energy savings, aesthetical durability and external noise reflection in a building; for the air gap acts as a chimney and helps in reducing heat absorption in the building during summers, and retains heat inside the building while in winters, creating a “chimney effect”, which ensures continuous air flow in the air gap that helps reduce the indoor temperature. Solar radiation is partially reflected by the wall cladding, the air gap and the insulating material, thereby, lowering the heating and cooling loads in a building and increasing savings on energy.
The air gap also helps in constant elimination of surface condensation and in removing moisture from the indoors, hence, removing humidity from the interior spaces and aiding in the comfort and well-being of the occupants.
Ventilated façades are good options for new buildings and as retrofits for existing ones as they are highly aesthetical; having various colors, textures and designs and are lightweight that allows easy installation and repair. Besides the aesthetic appearance and better performance standards of the materials, compared to the traditional building materials; the advantages of laying a ventilated wall in a building are many:
A ventilated façade system strictly adheres to industrial design standards and hence, the design phase decision making is crucial to avoid any future improvisations.
Before laying a ventilated façade system, it is necessary to decide on the cladding materials, the design of the façade system and final structural plans. The installation of the system starts with layout planning and measurements. Depending upon the sizes of the slabs and the joints, intervals or spacing are measured and brackets are fastened in them.
Thermal insulation is laid and the vertical aluminium or steel sub-structure is anchored to the brackets and fixed at the measured intervals. Finally, the wall cladding is fitted to the module which leads to the formation of the air gap. Proper dimensioning of the air gap ensures effective ventilation throughout the façade.
The type of anchoring: exposed anchoring or concealed anchoring is based on the two installation systems, the horizontal installation system and the vertical installation system.
In the ventilated façade with exposed anchoring, the vertical installation system is adopted and the horizontal installation system is applied in the ventilated façade with concealed anchoring. The right choice for anchoring is based on the aesthetics of the façade and cost aspect of the wall cladding.
With the advancement in façade technology like the ventilated façade systems, there is less of a compromising on aesthetics to meet state-of-the-art quality. And by choosing sustainable envelope designs and environmentally friendly building materials like clay, the advantages are heightened. In India, the clay is easily available and it being a versatile and naturally occurring building material makes it a sustainable choice. Clay tiles are highly durable, recyclable and cost effective with good insulation properties. Clay tiles have good noise absorption properties and provide excellent sound proofing. They have a long lifespan of 50-60 years, are non-flammable, frost-proof and maintenance-free.
Conclusion
The technology behind the ventilated façade systems uncovers its holistic benefits and advantages over traditional as well as other modern façade systems. The striking feature of the ventilated façade system is the ability to use air, a renewable resource in the ventilating process. This feature makes the system what it is, a “ventilated façade”. The continuous ventilation in the air gap enables dry insulation of the walls and slabs and expels moisture from the indoors, keeping the indoor temperature at a comfortable level. The ventilated façade systems give a strong visual impact to the building and once the system is in place and installed, the working of the technology will elevate the performance of the building; by enhancing the comfort and well-being of the occupants in the building.
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